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肿瘤症状 2025-07-07 15:45肿瘤症状www.zhongliuw.cn

Definition and Classification

A tumor (neoplasm) is an abnormal mass of tissue resulting from uncontrolled cell growth, classified as:

  • Benign tumors: Slow-growing, non-invasive (e.g., lipoma)
  • Malignant tumors (cancer): Aggressive, metastatic (e.g., carcinoma, sarcoma)
  • Key Terminology

  • Oncology: Study of tumors (Greek onkos = mass)
  • Carcinoma: Epithelial-origin cancer (e.g., lung adenocarcinoma)
  • Metastasis: Spread via blood/lymph systems
  • Hallmark Features

    1. Sustained proliferation: Driven by oncogenes

    2. Immune evasion: Disrupted T-cell function (e.g., IFNγ suppression)

    3. Metabolic reprogramming: Altered energy pathways

    Clinical Evaluation

  • Response criteria: CR (complete remission), PR (≥30% shrinkage), PD (≥20% growth)
  • Staging: TNM system (Tumor size, Node involvement, Metastasis)
  • Emerging Therapies

  • Immunotherapy: STAT3 degradation to enhance dendritic cell function
  • Precision medicine: BRAF inhibitors for thyroid cancer
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