大学英语新视野（大学英语新视野2读写教程答案
Unit One
Socrates, the classical Greek philosopher, is recognized as the pioneer of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure primarily known through the accounts of later classical writers, especially his most famous student, Plato. Socrates is renowned for his contribution to ethics. His teaching method, known as the Socratic Method, involves asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and explain ideas. This method remains a commonly used tool in various discussions today. In addition, he made significant and lasting contributions to the fields of epistemology and logic. The influence of his ideas and approach continues to be a strong foundation for subsequent Western philosophy. Socrates is the most distinctive figure in the history of ancient philosophy, renowned even in his own time. Despite not establishing a philosophical system, school, or sect, his name quickly became a household name.
伟大的思想家和教育家孔子
孔子是中国历史上的伟大思想家和教育家，被誉为儒家学派的创始人，人们尊称他为古代的“圣人”。他的言语和生平事迹被记录在《论语》中，这是古代中国文化的一部不朽经典。《论语》对后来的思想家、作家和政治家产生了深远的影响。不研究这本书，很难真正了解中国数千年的传统文化。孔子的思想，特别是他的教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪，儒家思想不仅受到中国人的关注，而且越来越受到国际社会的关注。
圣诞节的全球庆祝
圣诞节是一个广泛庆祝的文化节日，每年12月25日，全世界数百万人都会庆祝这一节日。圣诞节是为了纪念基督的诞辰而设立的，这个节日可以追溯到公元336年。它逐渐演变为宗教和世俗的庆祝活动，越来越多的非基督徒也参与其中。如今，圣诞节已成为全球重要的节日和公共假日。不同国家的圣诞习俗各不相同。现代节日的常见习俗包括交换圣诞卡和礼物、圣诞歌唱、参加教堂活动、展示各种圣诞装饰和树木、家庭聚会以及制作特殊餐点。对孩子们来说，这个节日充满了幻想和惊喜。传说圣诞老人会在平安夜通过烟囱进入每个家庭，给表现良好的孩子们送礼物。由于圣诞节礼物交换和其他方面的庆祝活动增强了圣诞季期间以及与圣诞无关的经济活动，这个节日也成为商家重要的销售和营销时期。
无论是孔子的思想还是圣诞节的庆祝活动，都反映了人类对于文化、教育和传统价值的重视，同时也展示了世界各地的多样性和丰富性。It is a commemorative day of the birth of Jesus Christ, and the festival can be traced back to as early as 336 AD. Gradually, this festival has evolved into a holiday that is both religious and secular, with an increasing number of non-Christians also celebrating Christmas. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated as a major festival and public holiday across the globe. The customs associated with Christmas vary from country to country. Modern-day Christmas traditions include exchanging Christmas cards and gifts, singing Christmas songs, attending church events, decorating with various Christmas ornaments and Christmas trees, hosting family gatherings, and preparing a special feast. For children, this festival is filled with imagination and surprise. According to legend, Santa Claus will enter every household through the chimney on Christmas Eve and bring gifts to the well-behaved children. As Christmas gift-giving and many other aspects drive economic activity among Christians and non-Christians, Christmas has also become a significant event and sales season for businesses.
On the 15th day of the Chinese lunar calendar, lies the traditional festival of the Mid-Autumn Festival in our country. It is called Mid-Autumn because it falls in the middle of the autumn season. An important activity during the festival is moon gazing. At night, people gaze at the bright moon and eat mooncakes to celebrate this joyful occasion. The Mid-Autumn Festival is also a time for family reunions, where people who are away from their homes will express their homesickness and longing for their families. There are many customs associated with the Mid-Autumn Festival, all reflecting people's love and aspiration for a better life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has been a statutory holiday in China.按照中国的农历，每年的八月十五是一个传统节日中秋节。这一天正值秋季的中期，因此被称为中秋。中秋节的一项重要活动是赏月。当晚，人们聚集在一起庆祝中秋，仰望明月，品尝月饼。这个节日也是家庭团聚的时刻，远离家乡的人们会在这个节日表达他们对家乡和家人的思念之情。有许多习俗来庆祝这个节日，都表达了人们对幸福生活的热爱和期盼。自2008年以来，中秋节已成为中国官方的法定节假日。
伦敦地铁是英国的一个快速轨道交通系统，服务于大伦敦的大部分地区。由于其地铁隧道的典型形状，地铁系统又被称为Tube。伦敦地铁始建于19世纪中期，是世界上的第一个地下铁路系统。自那时起，它已经发展成为拥有12条线路、275个车站和超过250英里的铁路轨道的地下杰作，其中45%的轨道位于地下。就路线里程而言，它是世界上第四大地铁系统，车站数量也是最多的之一。作为在伦敦周围徘徊的实惠且便捷的方式，地铁每天仍是数百万通勤者的首选，也是假期来伦敦旅游的游客的首选。伦敦地铁已成为伦敦的国际标志。在2013年，伦敦地铁迎来了其运营的150年里程碑，各种庆祝活动纷纷举行。
伦敦地铁见证了英国历史的变迁，它不仅仅是一个交通工具，更承载着无数人的情感与记忆。从古老的隧道到现代化的车站，每一座建筑都诉说着伦敦地铁的故事。在这里，人们可以感受到历史的厚重和现代的活力。
伦敦地铁也是伦敦文化的重要组成部分。许多节日、庆典和活动都在这里举行，为乘客带来了丰富的文化体验。无论是本地的通勤者还是来自世界各地的游客，都可以在伦敦地铁感受到独特的文化氛围。
伦敦地铁不仅是一个快速交通运输系统，更是伦敦城市文化的重要载体。它见证了伦敦的发展，也连接了人们的心灵。在未来的日子里，伦敦地铁将继续为伦敦的繁荣和发展做出贡献。Since its inception in 1956, China's aerospace industry has created numerous miracles over the decades. In 1970, China successfully launched its first人造地球卫星, becoming the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch such a satellite. In 1992, China began to implement its manned spaceflight program. Then in 2003, China launched the Shenzhou V manned spacecraft, becoming the third country to do so. In 2007, the Chang'e-1, the first lunar-orbiting satellite, was launched. And in 2013, the successful launch of the fifth manned spacecraft, Shenzhou X, laid the foundation for the construction of China's space station. The history of China's aerospace industry is a history of persistent progress and achievement.
Now, let's turn our attention to London's subway system. Since its inception, London's subway has continued to expand, evolving into a masterpiece that includes 12 lines, 275 stations, and a total rail length exceeding 250 miles, with 45% of the tracks running underground. In terms of route length, it is the fourth largest subway system in the world and one of the systems with the largest number of stations. As a convenient and economical way to travel throughout London, the London subway has always been the preferred choice for millions of commuters every day as well as for visitors exploring London during holidays. The London subway has become an international symbol of London. In 2013, London hosted various events to celebrate the 150th anniversary of subway operations, marking this significant milestone.中国航天事业的辉煌历程
中国的航天事业始于1956年，几十年来，创造了一个又一个的奇迹。1970年，中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星，成为世界上第五个能够独立研制和发射人造地球卫星的国家。1992年，中国开始实施载人航天飞行计划。2003年，中国成功发射了载人飞船神舟五号，成为继俄罗斯、美国之后第三个实现载人航天的国家。
在随后的几年里，中国航天不断取得新的突破。2007年，中国成功发射了首个月球轨道人造卫星嫦娥一号，开启了中国深空探测的序幕。而在2013年，神舟十号的成功发射更是为中国空间站的建设奠定了基础。
欧洲旅行家马可波罗的故事同样令人瞩目。作为最早通过中国游历亚洲的欧洲人之一，马可波罗可能是中国人最为熟知的外国商人和航海家。他从1271年至1295年，与家人一同游历欧洲和亚洲各地，其中在中国居住了17年。他的著作《马可波罗游记》详细描绘了他在亚洲的旅程，为欧洲人首次全面展示了远东地区的风貌，包括中国、印度和日本。
通过他的文字记录，欧洲人首次了解到了瓷器、煤炭、、印刷术、和丝绸等丰富的东方文化和技术。马可波罗所记录的大量新的地理信息，在15世纪和16世纪的欧洲航海时代被广泛应用。几个世纪以来，尽管在他生前并未获得应有的认可，但马可波罗的故事却激励着无数冒险家踏上世界的征程。他的故事和精神，至今仍然鼓舞着人们勇往直前，不断未知的领域。Through his written accounts, the West was first introduced to porcelain, coal, gunpowder, printing, paper currency, and silk. During the age of great exploration and conquest in the late 15th and early 16th centuries in Europe, the vast amount of new geographical information recorded by Marco Polo was widely used. In the centuries after his death, Marco Polo received praise he never knew in his lifetime, and his story inspired countless other explorers to embark on their own journeys of discovery.
Meanwhile, Zheng He stands as the most renowned maritime explorer in Chinese history. In the year 1405, the rulers of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He to the Western Sea to solidify border defense and initiate maritime trade. Over the next 28 years, Zheng He led seven expeditions with a crew of over 100,000 people, visiting more than 30 countries and regions. His fleet traveled across South and West Asia, reaching as far as the African continent. Zheng He's voyages to the Western Sea were a magnificent feat in world navigation history, showcasing his exceptional navigation and organizational skills, demonstrating the national strength and prestige of the Ming Dynasty, and strengthening the relationship between the Ming Dynasty and various countries overseas.
His journey was not only a brave exploration of the unknown but also a testament to the advanced maritime capabilities of the Ming Dynasty. Through his explorations, Zheng He brought back precious cultural exchanges and knowledge that further enriched China's cultural and economic landscape. His legacy continues to inspire people worldwide to this day, reminding us of the importance of exploration, discovery, and cultural exchange in shaping our world.郑和是中国历史上最著名的航海家。公元1405年，明朝统治者派遣郑和前往西洋海域航行，旨在加强边疆防卫和开拓海上贸易。在接下来的二十八年里，郑和率领舰队完